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The personnel in the jewelry industry must have a lot of knowledge. The following are the basic knowledge of the jewelry practitioners provided by the Jewelry Talent Network for reference.
(1) Precious metal jewelry:
1. Precious metal jewellery refers to jewellery made of four precious metal materials such as gold, platinum, palladium and silver and their gold-containing materials. The purity of precious metal jewellery is expressed as the lowest value of the precious metal content, and there must be no negative tolerance, which is expressed in thousands of points (‰).
2. The element symbol of gold is Au and the English is Gold. The specifications of the purity of gold jewelry are: 1000 gold, gold, 22K, 18K, 14K and 9K:
1) The gold content of thousands of gold should be greater than or equal to 999 ‰;
2) The gold content of the gold should be greater than or equal to 990 ‰;
3) The gold content of 22K should be greater than or equal to 916‰;
4) The gold content of 18K should be greater than or equal to 750‰;
5) The gold content of 14K should be greater than or equal to 585‰;
6) The gold content of 9K should be greater than or equal to 375‰;
7) 24K is the theoretical value, and its gold content is 100%;
3. The element symbol of platinum is Pt. The purity specifications of platinum (platinum) jewelry are four kinds of platinum (foot platinum), 950, 900 and 850. The platinum content of the foot platinum should be greater than or equal to 990 ‰.
4. The element symbol of palladium is Pd. The purity specifications of palladium jewellery are two types, palladium and 950. The palladium content of the foot palladium should be greater than or equal to 990 ‰.
5. The element symbol of silver is Ag and the English is Silver. Silver jewellery is available in pure gold, 925 and 800. The silver content of pure silver should be greater than or equal to 990 ‰.
6, the full amount of gold and thousands of gold jewelry for use, the gold content of its accessories must not be less than 750 ‰.
7. No precious metal jewelry should contain elements harmful to human health.
8. Each precious metal jewellery shall be stamped. The imprint shall include the manufacturer's code, purity, materials and the quality of the main diamond inlaid (0.10 carats or more).
9. The purity and material representation in the imprint (examples):
1) Gold jewelry: G18K (or gold 750, Au750, G750), full gold (or gold 990, Au990, G990), thousands of gold,
2) Platinum Jewelry: Pt900, Pt950, Pt990 or Foot Platinum,
3) Palladium jewelry: Pd950, Pd990 or Palladium,
4) Silver jewelry: silver 925, Ag925, S925, pure silver or Ag990;
10. The jewelry mark of 18K gold inlaid 0.45 carat diamond produced by Fuhui Jewelry Co., Ltd. should be: FH18K gold 0.45ct (D). The jewelry mark of the gold jewelry produced by Fuzhou Decheng Jewelry Co., Ltd. is: DCAu990.
11. The imprint of precious metal jewellery should be printed by the producer on the jewellery.
12. Each precious metal jewellery should be tagged at the time of sale. The label can be one or several.
13. The contents of the jewelry label shall include the name, material, content of the jewelry, the name, address, product standard number, and product quality certificate of the producer (operator); the precious metal jewelry sold by weight shall also include the weight.
14. The operator shall not operate a precious metal jewellery without a mark and without labeling and marking contents that do not meet the requirements.
15. The imprint and label of precious metal jewelry should be clear, firm and easy to identify.
16. The weight of precious metal jewellery and materials is measured in grams (g).
17. For each piece of gold jewelry, when the weighing value of platinum jewelry and palladium jewelry is not more than 1000g, the tolerance is ±0.01g.
18. When the weighing value of each silver jewelry is not more than 200g, the tolerance is ±0.05g; when it exceeds 200g, the tolerance is ±0.5g.
19. When weighing precious metal jewellery, it is necessary to use a balance that has passed the measurement test and it is within the mandatory verification period.
20. Gold is the most precious and rarest metal in the metal kingdom. Metals can be divided into two broad categories: iron (FERROUS) and iron-free (NONEFRROUS). Iron-based metals, including pure iron and steel, are both high-yield and cheap metals. Iron-free can be divided into three groups: precious metals, base metals and alloys. Jewelry is made from iron-free metals. The pure gold texture and the characteristics of the delicate people are the most popular metals. According to the geologist's analysis report, gold is the rarest metal in the world except for TANTALUM, which was discovered only in 1802, which proves the rareness of gold.
21, pure gold (ie, gold and thousands of gold) jewelry gold content is higher, and some consumers ask, such a high gold content, such as the use of gold solder with other materials, how to ensure the quality of the material? In fact, the processing of pure gold jewelry in China is not the same as the processing of low-color (such as 14K, 18K) jewelry. The soldering of low-color jewellery is carried out with solder, and the solder is formulated to ensure that the gold content of the jewellery is not lower than the specified standard. For example, the welding of 14K jewelry, the amount of gold used in the solder is 58.5% (14K standard gold content), the remaining 41.5% is a low melting point material, such solder can not only weld the jewelry, but also ensure that the gold content of the jewelry does not change. But to prepare pure gold solder, the problem comes because the gold content of the solder is not less than 99%, or 99.9%, and the low-melting material in the solder can only be controlled within the range of 0.1% to 1%. Low-melting materials are not sufficient. Therefore, pure gold jewelry is generally not solderable.
22, gold as a precious metal, has good physical properties, the performance is: high melting point, up to l064.43 degrees Celsius, "real gold is not afraid of fire" means that gold is not easy to melt under normal flame. The density is 19.31 g/cm 3 (at 18 ° C), and the hand feels heavy. Good toughness and ductility, and good guidance. Pure gold has a bright yellow color, but the color changes greatly when it is blended with other metals. For example, the gold-copper alloy is dark red, and the silver-containing alloy is light yellow or grayish white. Gold is pulverized into powder, which is why gold is scattered in nature. Pure gold jewellery is also prone to wear and reduce weight.
23, many people wear gold jewelry for a period of time, found discoloration or fading, many people think that this is the lack of color of gold jewelry, so go to the store to negotiate or go to the consumer association complaints, but it is told that the gold jewelry fade is not The quality of gold jewelry is not enough, but other reasons, then, what is the reason? The discoloration or fading of gold jewelry is closely related to the sweat of the human body. 99% of human sweat is water, and about 1% is waste and harmful substances in the human body, such as: chlorinated substances, lactic acid, urea ammonia and so on. When these materials come into contact with silver and copper in gold jewellery, they produce a chemical reaction that produces silver chloride and copper sulphide and exhibits a deep black chemical salt. This chemical salt often falls from the gold jewelry, contaminating the wearer's skin, leaving a very noticeable black stain on the skin. At present, cosmetics have become one of the "characters" indispensable to people's lives. If it is applied to the skin of the gold jewelry wearing part, then it will undoubtedly provide opportunities for cosmetics containing chemical substances and gold jewelry that is most afraid of chemical attack, and the result can be imagined. Some cosmetics also contain some fine hard particles, which can form another type of dirt, thus consuming gold jewelry.
24, one of the characteristics of gold is soft, so it is difficult to inlay a variety of exquisite styles, especially when inlaid with pearls, precious stones and jade and other treasures are easily lost. Therefore, people add a small amount of silver, copper, zinc and other metals to the gold to increase the strength and toughness of gold. The gold ornaments made in this way are also called K gold.
25, K gold can be made into a variety of colors according to needs, in the international popular K gold jewelry in various colors, everyone is common yellow and white. When gold is mixed with 25% palladium or nickel, it will become white, and the main component that makes up it is gold. The name is called white gold.
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